Unit 11~14 Mainly revision

[知识结构]

一、重点词语
　later on 晚些时候
　ring up 打电话
　at times 偶尔、有时
　Happy new year! 新年快乐
　The same to you. 同时也祝你……
　all the year round 一年到头
　from … to … 从……到……
　December (the) twentieth 十二月二十日
　turn green 变绿
　this year 今年
　the next year 明年
　be different from 与……不同
　come out 开花，出现，
　hold on 别挂断，等一等（电话用语）
　take a message for sb. 给某人捎口信
　turn… over 把 ……翻过来
　take out 拿出，取出
　the same as 和……一样
　have a message 给某人留口信
　shout at sb. 向某人发怒
　shout to sb. 向某人喊
　less than 不到，少于
　be late for ……迟到
　help yourself to 随便吃点儿……
　put on 穿上

二、口语交际
　the way you speak .
　What's the weather like ?
　What day is it today?
　What is the date today?
　Where are you from?
　It lasts from August to October.
　It's from November to January.
　Which is the second / forth/ tenth month of the year?
　It will be cloudy at times.
　Have a great time!
　How cold it is today!
　What a cold day!
　The temperature will stay above zero in the daytime.
　There will be a strong wind to the north of the Huai River.
　The radio says the snow will stop later in the day.
　That's the weather report for today.
　Thanks for listening.
　Are you free tonight?
　I forgot to tell you.
　Thank you for inviting me.
　May I speak to Ann, please ?
　Hold on, please.
　I'm afraid I may be a little late.
　She isn't here right now.
　Can I take a message for you?
　I'll give … the message.
　She's calling to tell…
　See you!
　Happy birthday!
　Here's your present.
　There was no time to think.
　I think Beijing will be…
　But I'm full.
　Help yourself to …
　I'll have that one, please.
　How is everything going?
　It'll be the year of the horse.
　I hope you're right. I love the …
　I hope you're wrong , I don't like…
　Zhang Ping was away for less than a week.

[知识讲解]

█.反意疑问句 (Tag questions)
　在陈述句之后加上一个意思与之相反的简短问句，这种句子叫做反意疑问句。反意疑问句必须由意思相反的两部分组成，在前一部分（陈述句）之后用逗号，后一部分（简短问句）之后用问号。反意疑问句的否定句必须用缩略形成，同时它的主语必须用人称代词，不能用名词。前一部分用降调，后一部分在表示疑问句时用升调。

　反意疑问句分为两类：
　1. 前一部分为肯定式，后一部分是否定式。
　2. 前一部分为否定式，后一部分是肯定句。

★陈述句（肯定式），+ 疑问部分（否定式）？
　1.be 动词和一般动词（实意动词）构成的反意疑问句

be动词句型 现在…… ,isn't (aren't ) + 主语？ 过去……, wasn't (weren't ) + 主语？

一般动词句型： 现在…… , don't (doesn't ) + 主语？ 过去…… , didn't + 主语？

　◇ The pen is yours, isn't it?
　这笔是你的，不是吗？
　◇ Lucy likes English, doesn't she?
　露西喜欢英语，不是吗？
　Yes, it was. 是的，她喜欢。
　No, she doesn't 不，她不喜欢。
　◇ That was a wonderful night , wasn't it ?
　那是个奇妙的夜晚，不是吗？
　Yes, it was. 是的，它是。
　No, she doesn't. 不，她不喜欢。
　◇ Your sister helped him, didn't she?
　◇ 你姐姐帮助了他，不是吗？
　◇ Yes, she did. 是的，她帮助他。
　◇ No, she didn't. 不。她没有帮助他。
　◇Tom is skating, isn't he? (进行时)
　汤姆在滑冰，不是吗？
　Yes, he is. 是的。
　No, he isn't. 不。
　◇ She is loved by her parents, isn't she? （被动语态）
　她被她的父母疼爱着，是吗？
　Yes, she is. 是的。
　No, she isn't. 不。
　2.情态动词的反意疑问句
　◇ Your brother can swim, can't he?
　你的哥哥会游泳，不是吗？
　Yes, he can.
　No, he can't.
　◇ We have to finish it, don't we?
　我们不得不完成它，不是吗？
　Yes, we do.
　No, we don't.
　◇ The workers had to take the first bus, didn't they?
　工人们不得不上头班车，不是吗？
　Yes, they did.
　No, they didn't.

★陈述句（否定式），+ 疑问句（肯定句）？
　这种反意疑问句的结构和第一部分一样，只不过颠倒一下肯定句和否定句的位置。 这部分的难点在于回答，回答和汉语习惯不同。 在这种问句中，先不要管yes和no ，按实际情况，如果答语是肯定式的，就要用Yes + 肯定结构，如果答语是否定的，就要用No+ 否定结构

　◇ You aren't a teacher, are you?
　你不是老师，是吗？
　Yes, I am. 不，我是。
　No, I am not. 是的，我不是。
　◇ You don't study Chinese, do you?
　你们不学中文，是吗？
　Yes, we do. 不，我们学中文。
　◇ Your classmates didn't have a good time last summer, did they?
　你的同学们去年暑假没过好，是吗？
　Yes, they did. 不，他们过得很好。
　No, they didn't. 是的，他们过的不好。

★其他类型的反意疑问句

　1.祈使句的反意疑问句
　a．在肯定的祈使句后，为了使祈使句听起来比较婉转、客气，可加一个简短的问句，如：Will you? would 　you? won't you? can you ? could you ? can't you?最常见的是will you ？或 won't you?

　◇ Speak louder, will you?
　请大声点儿，好吗？
　◇ Open the window, will you?
　请打开窗子，好吗？
　◇ Give me a hand, won't you?
　请帮我一下，好吗？

　b.在let's 祈使句后加上shall we? 或 shan't we? 在let us (me , him…)后加上will you? 或won't you?

　◇ Let's go , shall we?
　咱们走吧，好吗？
　◇ Let's have a cup of tea, shall we?
　我们去喝茶，好吗？
　◇ Let her play the piano, will you?
　让她弹钢琴吧，你说行吗？
　◇ Let me sing a song for you, will you?
　让我为你唱一首歌，好吗？

　2.陈述部分如果有表示否定意义的某些词，如：never, seldom, hardly, few, little, nobody, no one, nothing, neither…,疑问部分必须用肯定式。

　◇ He never watches TV, does he?
　他从不看电视，是吗？
　Yes, he does. 不，他看。
　No, he doesn't 是的， 他不看。
　◇ No one can help me, can he (they)
　没人能帮助我，是吗？
　Yes, he (they ) can. 不，有人会帮你。
　No, he (they) can't. 是的，没人会帮你。
　◇ Very few people understand what he said, do they?
　很少人听得懂他说的话，是吗？
　Yes, they do. 不，很多人听得懂。
　No, they don't. 是的，很少人听得懂。

　3.陈述部分是there be 结构时，疑问部分用there，省略主语代词。

　◇ There is something wrong with the radio, isn't there?
　收音机出毛病了，是吗？
　◇ There won't be any meetings next week, will there?
　下周什么会也没有，是吗？
　◇ There is a post office near your house, isn't there?
　在你家附近有一个邮局，是吗？

　4.陈述句部分如果有everything, nothing …. 表示事物的词作主语时，疑问部分的主语用it ，陈述部分如果有everyone , no one, someone ….. 表示人的不定代词作主语时，疑问部分常用they （有时也用he）.

　◇ Everything here is dirty, isn't it?
　这的所有东西都脏，不是吗？
　◇ Everybody knows the answer, don't they?
　任何一个人都知道答案，不是吗？

█一般将来时

1. be going to+ 动词原形~
　对于将要发生的事，或打算、计划、决定要做的事情时，皆以be going to + 动词原形，的句型来表示。
　因此此句型有be动词，所以是否用am, is, are ,决定于主语。

　1.肯定句：主语+be (is, am, are) going to +动词原形
　I am going to play football next Sunday.
　下周日我打算踢足球。
　◇ He is going to travel around the world.
　他计划周游世界。
　◇They are going to meet outside the school gate.
　它们打算在校门口见面。
　◇It is going to rain.
　要下雨了。

　2.否定句：主语+be (am, are, is) not going to +动词原形
　We are not going to have any class next week.
　下周我们不上课。
　◇I'm not going to be a teacher.
　我不打算当老师。
　◇He isn't going to see his brother tomorrow.
　他明天不准备去看他哥哥。

　3.疑问句：Be (Am, Is, Are) +主语+ going to + 动词原形
　◇Are you going to be a doctor when you grow up?
　你长大了，打算当一名医生吗？
　Yes, I am. 是的，我打算当。
　No, I'm not. 不，我不打算当。

will 同be going to 的用法相同

　以今天为起点的所有将来时间，如：
　this afternoon / this evening = tonight / tomorrow/
　tomorrow morning / afternoon / evening ,
　the day after tomorrow / next week ,
　next Wednesday / next month,
　next September / next year.

　例句：
　1. I'm going to be a teacher later on.
　2. We'll wait for you at the school gate.
　3. Shall we go and get some food?

█英语中表达请求允许的句型很多，在不同的场合要用不同的句式来表达。

　1.常见表示"请求""允许"的句式。
　①May I …? 我可以干……吗？
　②Can / Could I … ? 我能干……吗？
　③Shall I / we … ? 我/咱们干……好吗？
　④Would you like / love to …? 你愿意干……吗？
　⑤Will(would) you please…? 请你干……好吗？
　⑥What / How about doing …? 干……怎么样？

　2.常见"应答"的句式：
　①Yes, of course. 当然可以。
　②Sure/ Certainly. 当然可以。
　③That's OK. / That's all right. 好吧，行。
　④Yes, please. 好的，请（做吧）。
　⑤I'd love / like to. 很乐意。
　⑥With pleasure. 很乐意。
　⑦Good idea! 好主意。

　3.表示"不允许"的答语有：
　①I'm sorry, but …… 对不起，不过……
　②I'm sorry , but …. 对不起,你不能。
　③You'd better not …. 你最好别……
　④I'm afraid I can't. 恐怕我不行。
　⑤No, thanks. 不，谢谢。

[习题检测]

一、用括号内单词的适当形式填空
　1.This year we're going to do _________ (much) speaking.

　2.Each of the children ___________ (have) a moon cake.

　3.-What's the weather like in New York?
　　--- It's __________.(fog)

　4.Don't open your eyes, please keep them ______________ . (close)

　5.It'll be a __________ (shower) day tomorrow. In summer there is often a __________ (shower) at this time of year in Beijing.

　6.I saw him ________ (go) into the house.

　7.________ there __________ (be ) a strong wind tomorrow evening?

　8.Look! The sun is shining ________ .(bright)

　9.All the food _________ (be) ready on the table.

　10.Don't worry! Everything ________ (be) all right.

　11.There is no time ___________. (wait)

　12.Ann felt very __________ (happily) at her party.

　13.It's best _________ (open ) the box now.

　14.It ________ (snow) heavily last night.

　15.I forget when she ________ (come) last.

　16.Who __________ (tell) you about her?

　17.I don't know who _________ (find) my bike.

　18.There is a bridge _________ (cross) the river.

　19.It's better to read at home on ________ (rain) days.

　20.How _________ (careful) they are listening to the teacher!

二、选择填空

　1.-Thanks for your help。
　　- _________.
　A. Don't thank me. B. It's a pleasure. C. That's right. D. All right.

　2.Which one is ___________, Lucy or Lily?
　A. more tall B. taller than C. taller D. tall

　3.He won't come to my party tomorrow , __________ he ?
　A. does B. doesn't C. will D. won't

　4.He broke his left leg last week , so he can ________ dance ___________ .
　A. no, any more B. not , any much C. no , any much D. not , any more

　5.If you don't want to be late ________ school. you'd better get up earlier.
　A. for B. to C. at D. in

　6.When spring comes, many kinds of flowers will __________ .
　A. get out B. put out C. come out D. go out

　7.Nicolas, a great pianist , will _________ a concert in the theatre next week.
　A. take B. give C. put on D. have

　8.Thomas Edison _________ lamp in 1879.
　A. found B. saw C. looked for D. invented

　9.What ________ beautiful pictures!
　A. the B. a C. an D. /

　10.This film is __________ than that one.
　A. much beautiful B. beautifuler C. more beautiful D. beautifully

　11.The soup _________ good.
　A. feels B. looks C. tastes D. sounds

　12.-Can you finish __________ your homework before dinner?
　A. doing B. to do C. do D. did

　13.Genghis Khan (成吉思汗) was born _________ 1162.
　A. at B. on C. to D. in

　14.-- _______ will you stay in shanghai?
　　--- About two days.
　A. How B. How long C. How old D. How often

　15.There will be a strong wind _______ the north of the Yellow River.
　A. onto B. in C. into D. to

三、阅读理解：

　Mrs Green is going to give a birthday party for Kate, Kate is her daughter. Kate is going to be fourteen years old. A lot of Kate's friends will come to the party.

　Mrs Green is getting ready for the party. Mrs White is helping her.

　"That's a pretty cake," Mrs White says to Mrs Green.

　"Thank you very much."

　"Are you going to have some icecream?"

　"Yes. The man from the shop is going to bring it at four o'clock. I'm going to have some chocolate, and strawberry, too."

　Mrs Green will go shopping. She will buy some fruit for the party, too.

　It's three o'clock now. Everything is ready. Kate is wearing her new dress. It's a white dress. Now the doorbell is ringing. The first girl is arriving. The party is going to start.

根据短文内容选择正确答案：
　1.Mrs Green is Kate's _________ .
　A. teacher B. friend C. mother D. aunt

　2.Mrs Green _________ .
　A. and Mrs White are getting ready for the party
　B. has got everything ready with the help of Kate's friends
　C. is busy getting things ready for the party by herself
　D. does not know how to make icecream for the party

　3.Kate _________ .
　A. has few friends
　B. is a nice girl and has a lot of friends
　C. is busy getting things ready forher birthday party
　D. does not want to help Mrs Green

　4.Who is going to bring theicecream?
　_________________.
　A. The man from the shop
　B. Mrs White
　C. Mrs Green
　D. Kate

　5.When will the party begin？ It will begin _________.
　A. tomorrow afternoon     B. on the fourteenth
　C. before three o'clock   D. after three o'clock

[参考答案]

一、用括号内单词的适当形式填空
　1. more 今年将比以前更多地做口语练习
　2. has
　3. foggy 注意双写g
　4. closed keep … + 形容词作宾语补足语
　5. showery（形容词坐定语）， shower (a+ 名词)
　6. go (see sb. do sth . 看见某人干了某事)
　7. Is … going to be 或 will … be ( There be 结构的将来时)
　8. brightly (副词修饰动词，放与动词之后)
　9. is (All 代指不可数名词时，其后加单动)
　10. is ( 不定代词后加单动)
　11. to wait ( There is no time to do sth. 没有时间干某事了)
　12. happy ( 感官动词feel , look , sound , taste, smell 后加形容词)
　13. to open (只能作不定式的形式主语或形式宾语)
　14. snowed
　15. came (last 指上一次)
　16. told ("告诉了"，用过去时)
　17. found ( "找到了"，用过去时)
　18. across (介词)
　19. rainy (形容词)
　20. carefully ( 副词修饰动词listen)

二、选择填空
　1. B 当别人感谢你的时候，我们通常说That's all right. 或 It's my pleasure
　2. C 两着之间的比较，用比较级
　3. C 反以疑问句前否定后肯定，并且前后要保持一致
　4. D not any more = no more 不再
　5. A be late for
　6. C come out 开花
　7. B give a concert
　8. D invent 发明
　9. D 名词时复数所以什么也不填
　10. A 多音节词的比较级要在词前加more
　11. C tastes 品尝
　12. A finish doing sth
　13. D 没有具体的日子我们用in
　14. B 根据答语得知询问的时一段时间所以用how long
　15. D 表示风的吹向用介词to

三、阅读理解：
　1~5 CABAD
　这篇文章主要介绍为给凯特过生日，格林太太和怀特太太的准备过程。